高强度间歇运动对医学生不同时长记忆力影响的重要性研究     

杨铮  张高  郝丽娜 《当代体育科技》2020,(12):19-20

社会快速发展、生活日趋便捷背景下,医学生面临着生理和心理上的问题,且医学生由于专业特殊性,认知能力中记忆力的重要性被凸显出来。本文运用查阅文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查、逻辑分析等研究方法,探究从运动处方角度出发的实验--"高强度间歇运动对医学生不同时长记忆力的影响"具有多方面重要性。同时建议医学院校应当跟据研究结果和实际情况,制定科学、合理的运动训练计划,为医学生生理和心理健康提供保障。  相似文献   

健康中国视域下高校田径运动发展研究     

郑权  李朝福 《当代体育科技》2020,(12):244-245

田径运动是所有运动的基础运动,是促进身体健康的重要手段,对实现健康中国战略有重要的意义。本研究以普通高校大学体育田径运动的教学及发展路径为切入点,对几所高校进行调查分析,找出田径运动发展过程中存在的问题,并提出相关建议,使田径运动在高校更好地发展,促进健康中国战略目标的贯彻实施。  相似文献   

可宥性事由：体育竞赛“越轨”行为出罪的又一考量因素     

刘峰江 《河北体育学院学报》2020,34(6):9-16

可宥性事由源于英美刑事诉讼中的可抗辩事由，与正当化事由联袂构成行为出罪理论的基石。与正当化事由不同，可宥性事由已经僭越了法定的行为正当化条件，行为的违法性首先被肯定，只是在责任归属上寻求宽恕性处理。引入可宥性事由，可丰富体育竞赛行为入罪和出罪的相关内容，便于司法统一判定。分析认为，体育竞赛行为可宥性事由成立，要满足体育赛事本身具有合法性和正规性、主体仅针对运动员、行为局限于体育竞赛行为、违法目的“单纯”性、行为以“反规则”为前提等条件。入罪和出罪的类型化有利于定罪和量刑的规范化，分别对竞技伤害行为、滥用兴奋剂行为、假球等竞赛舞弊行为适用可宥性事由予以出罪抑或减轻处罚的情形进行具体分析。最后，指出体育竞赛运动员可宥性事由行为入罪不能忽视运动员自由保障的理念，且尽量避免选择性刑事司法。  相似文献   

心脏Nmnat过表达联合耐力运动对果蝇高脂膳食诱发脂毒性心肌症的影响     

文登台  郑澜  陆凯  刘宪楚  后文其 《首都体育学院学报》2020,(1):87-96

利用UAS/hand-gal4系统构建果蝇心脏Nmnat基因特异性过表达,研究心脏Nmnat基因过表达联合耐力运动对高脂膳食诱发脂毒性心肌症的影响,并分析其分子机制。方法:雄性w^1118和NmnatUAS系果蝇分别与雌性hand-Gal4杂交,收集F1代心脏Nmnat正常表达(hand>w^1118)和过表达(hand>Nmnat)处女蝇,饲养至15 d后开始进行耐力运动(E)和高脂膳食(HFD),并分为hand>w^1118、hand>w^1118+E、hand>w^1118+HFD、hand>w^1118+HFD+E、hand>Nmnat、hand>Nmnat+E、hand>Nmnat+HFD、hand>Nmnat+HFD+E共8组,每组410只。ELISA检测心脏TAG、NAD+、SIR2蛋白去乙酰化、SOD活力和MDA水平,qRT-PCR检测心脏相关基因mRNA表达,M-mode检测心脏功能情况。结果:hand>w^1118+HFD+E果蝇心脏的Nmnat、dFoxo、bmm表达、NAD+水平、SIR2去乙酰化、SOD活力、缩短分数高于hand>w^1118+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01),且d FAS和Col4al表达、TAG和MDA水平、心率和纤维性振颤低于hand>w^1118+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01);hand>Nmnat果蝇心脏各指标与hand>Nmnat+HFD相比较未见显著差异(P>0.05);hand>Nmnat+HFD+E果蝇心脏的Nmnat、dFoxo、bmm表达、心脏NAD+水平、SIR2去乙酰化、SOD活力、心脏缩短分数高于hand>Nmnat+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01),且dFAS和Col4al表达\TAG和MDA水平、心率和纤维性振颤低于hand>Nmnat+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:心脏Nmnat过表达和耐力运动均能抵抗果蝇高脂膳食诱发的心脏脂质过度堆积、氧化损伤、减弱心脏收缩能力和增加纤维性振颤,其分子机制与心脏Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/dFoxo通路活性增强有关。心脏Nmnat基因过表达联合耐力运动能更好地降低脂毒性心肌症的发生概率,其机制与二者联合对心脏Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/dFoxo通路活性上调的叠加作用有关。  相似文献   

Association between knee-to-hip flexion ratio during single-leg vertical landings,and strength and range of motion in professional soccer players     

Gustavo Leporace  Marcio Tannure  Gabriel Zeitoune  Leonardo Metsavaht  Moacir Marocolo  Alex Souto Maior 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(3):411-420

Abstract

The aim of this study was to test the correlation between knee-to-hip flexion ratio during a single leg landing task and hip and knee strength, and ankle range of motion. Twenty-four male participants from a professional soccer team performed a continuous single leg jump-landing test during 10s, while lower limb kinematics data were collected using a motion analysis system. After biomechanical testing, maximal isometric hip (abduction, extension, external rotation), knee extension and flexion strength were measured. Maximum ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was assessed statically using the weight bearing lunge test. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the associations between the predictor variables (knee and hip strength, and ankle ROM) and the main outcome measure (knee-to-hip flexion ratio). Correlation between knee-to-hip flexion ratio and hip abductors strength was significant (r = ?0.47; p = 0.019). No other significant correlations were observed among the variables (p > 0.05). These results demonstrated that a lower hip abductors strength in male soccer players was correlated with a high knee-to-hip flexion ratio during landing from a single leg jump, potentially increasing knee overload by decreasing energy absorption at the hip. The results provide a novel proposal for the functioning of hip muscles to control knee overload.  相似文献   

Dissecting through Barriers: A Follow-up Study on the Long-Term Effects of Interprofessional Education in a Dissection Course with Healthcare Professional Students     

Yu Hang Zheng  Andrew Palombella  Jenn Salfi  Bruce Wainman 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(1):52-60

Several studies have shown significant improvements in the attitudes and perceptions of healthcare professional students toward interprofessional education (IPE) immediately following intervention with IPE courses. However, there remains little evidence on the lasting effects of IPE courses and the long-term influences of these IPE experiences are poorly documented. The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term effects of an intensive, ten-week interprofessional gross anatomy dissection course at McMaster University. Attitudes and perceptions of past participants towards interprofessional learning were evaluated, now that they have started working with other healthcare professionals outside of the IPE course setting. Thirty-four past participants who have clinical experience working in interprofessional settings or are currently working in the healthcare field completed a follow-up questionnaire consisting of a modified Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) and open-ended questions. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant decrease in their attitude towards teamwork and collaboration and respect for other health professions, but a significant improvement in their understanding of roles and responsibilities compared to their results immediately after the IPE intervention. Qualitative analysis of open-ended questions revealed several themes such as developing interprofessional competencies, developing relationships, and remembering the strengths of the IPE dissection course. The results of this study indicate that the IPE experience in anatomy was highly valued by the students and that past participants maintain a clear understanding of their scope of practice, but the reality of clinical practice may have eroded gains made in the program. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

精英运动员运动损伤的心理预防： 理论模型和研究展望          下载免费PDF全文

徐建清 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(6):78-85

为有效预防竞技运动损伤，促进业界重视心理因素在预防损伤中的作用，对国外竞技运动损伤心理预防的概念模型和框架进行梳理，发现各类心理因素对发生运动损伤的影响路径被进一步整合和细化，不同水平层次的社会心理学因素开始受到重视，无论是特质理论还是应激—损伤理论、行动理论、状态理论，都强调了压力反应这一重要变量，全面、多方位考察风险文化和行为以及生物心理社会因素互动的理论视角是该主题未来的趋势。未来需要规范运动损伤的定义和测量方法，有必要开展运动员及其有关情况的针对性调查，还应该注重重复测量研究设计以及使用被忽视的结构方程模型检验变量的中介效应。  相似文献   

不同负荷运动训练对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环的影响及其机制研究     

李洁  杨静  赵丽丽 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(5):88-94

目的：探讨不同负荷运动训练对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环的影响及其机制。方法：将雄性Wistar大鼠50只随机均分为5组：安静对照组（C）、低负荷运动训练组（LT）、中等负荷运动训练组（MT）、高负荷运动训练组（HT）和极高负荷运动训练组（ST），每组10只。各运动组分别进行6周的跑台运动训练。训练方案结束后，取腓肠肌样本，提取线粒体，测定线粒体柠檬酸合成酶（CS）、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ICD）和α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶（α-KGDHC）活性；线粒体Ga²⁺含量、胞浆NADH、NAD⁺、ATP和ADP含量，以及ICD mRNA转录水平。结果：（1）不同负荷运动训练组线粒体CS、ICD和α-KGDHC的活性均显著高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），且CS和ICD活性由高到低顺序均为：MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组，α-KGDHC活性由高到低顺序为：HT组 > MT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组。（2）不同负荷运动训练组线粒体Ca²⁺ 含量均显著高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其含量由高到低顺序为：MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组；胞浆NADH/NAD⁺和ATP/ADP的比值均显著低于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其比值由低到高顺序为：MT组 < ST组 < HT组 < LT组 < C组。（3）不同负荷运动训练组ICD mRNA转录水平均高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其水平由高到低顺序为： MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组。结论：低负荷、中等负荷、高负荷及极高负荷运动训练均可提高大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环功能，且中等负荷运动训练效果最佳。其机制与胞浆NADH/NAD⁺和ATP/ADP比值、线粒体摄钙能力及限速酶基因的表达有关。  相似文献   

高校图书馆微信公众平台老年教师使用意愿影响因素研究     

王征  刘帅 《图书情报工作》2019,63(6):41-48

[目的/意义]老年教师的使用意愿不高严重影响了高校图书馆微信公众平台的发展与进步，因此需要研究高校图书馆微信公众平台的老年教师使用意愿影响因素。[方法/过程]对科技接受模型进行改进与扩展，基于结构方程，引入性别、年龄与经验等调节因素，搭建老年教师高校图书馆微信公众平台使用意愿模型，并基于四川高校的调研数据对模型与假设进行检验与分析。[结果/结论]研究结果表明：从整体来看，该模型对老年教师高校图书馆微信公众号使用意愿的总体解释效果良好；从各个影响因素来看：实用性感知以及群体影响对老年教师高校图书馆微信公众号使用意愿具有显著的正面影响，而生理机能显著反向影响其使用意愿。  相似文献   

Corticospinal changes induced by fatiguing eccentric versus concentric exercise     

Yoann M. Garnier  Christos Paizis  Romuald Lepers 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(2):166-176

The present study assessed neuromuscular and corticospinal changes during and after a fatiguing submaximal exercise of the knee extensors in different modes of muscle contraction. Twelve subjects performed two knee extensors exercises in a concentric or eccentric mode, at the same torque and with a similar total impulse. Exercises consisted of 10 sets of 10 repetitions at an intensity of 80% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (MVIC). MVIC, maximal voluntary activation level (VAL) and responses of electrically evoked contractions of the knee extensors were assessed before and after exercise. Motor evoked potential amplitude (MEP) and cortical silent period (CSP) of the vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were assessed before, during and after exercise. Similar reductions of the MVIC (?13%), VAL (?12%) and a decrease in the peak twitch (?12%) were observed after both exercises. For both VM and RF muscles, MEP amplitude remained unchanged during either concentric or eccentric exercises. No change of the MEP amplitude input–output curves was observed post-exercise. For the RF muscle, CSP increased during the concentric exercise and remained lengthened after this exercise. For the VM muscle, CSP was reduced after the eccentric exercise only. For a similar amount of total impulse, concentric and eccentric knee extensor contractions led to similar exercise-induced neuromuscular response changes. For the two muscles investigated, no modulation of corticospinal excitability was observed during or after either concentric or eccentric exercises. However, intracortical inhibition showed significant modulations during and after exercise.  相似文献